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0）停掉你现有的数据库服务。
1）新建一个实例，就是重新安装一次sql server，以下称为new
2）把你旧的数据库实例（以下称为old）的master.mdf , master.ldf copy到一个文件夹
3) 在new中，通过attach db的方式把文件夹中的两个文件加为new中的数据库，当然名称和位置在添加的时候都要改的。
4）在new 中，通过语句的方式，把master中的表sysxlogins 中sa的密码更新到你刚添加的数据库（old中的master）的表sysxlogins中对应的sa 的密码字段。
5）把你刚添加的数据库（old中的master）在new中detachdb，然后把文件覆盖掉old中对应文件（覆盖前把文件备份）
6）重新启动old服务器，看是否可行
7）卸载new服务器

http://www.mssqlcity.com/FAQ/Trouble/error_259.htm
http://www.mssqlcity.com/FAQ/Devel/AmendSysTb.htm

How can I resolve the error 259?
Answer:
This is the error 259 message text:
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Ad hoc updates to system catalogs are not enabled. The system administrator
must reconfigure SQL Server to allow this.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You will get the error 259 when you tried to modify the system catalogs directly while the allow updates system configuration option is set to 0. To work around the error 259, you should set the allow updates option to 1 by using the sp_configure system stored procedure.
Check this link for more details:
How can I edit the system tables manually?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Answer:

It is not recommended to do, but it is possible. You should set the allow updates option to 1 by using the sp_configure system stored procedure.

This is the example:

sp_configure 'allow updates', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE
GO

Read about the sp_configure system stored procedure in SQL Server Books Online

Code:
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sp_configure 'allow updates', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE
GO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
use master_old
update sysxlogins set password=NULL where name='sa'
select name,password from sysxlogins